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Background: Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) is one of the major causes of mortality in the world. Atherosclerosis leading to AMI is the most common and severe clinical manifestation observed. Dyslipidemia is one of main traditional risk factor for MI, but in more than 50% of CHD events dyslipidemia was absent. Atherosclerosis is considered as both a chronic inflammatory condition and a disorder of lipid metabolism. The present study was aimed to estimate the levels of serum lipids (total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol) and hs-CRP an inflammatory marker in newly diagnosed AMI cases and to find out any correlation between these two.Methods: The study was conducted on 50 newly diagnosed myocardial infarction cases, admitted in Cardiology Department Narayana Medical College, Nellore. Both the sexes were included. Fifty age and sex matched healthy individuals were selected as controls. Lipid levels are estimated by end point colorimetric assay (HUMANSTAR kit) and hs-CRP was estimated by immunofluorescence technique (Boditechkit).Results: Significant raised levels of hs-CRP (p value <0.0001) and low HDL cholesterol (p value =0.0085) levels among the cases was noticed. A significant positive correlation was observed between LDL cholesterol and hsCRP (r=0.109, p=0.040). A non-significant positive correlation between hsCRP and HDL cholesterol (r=0.291, p=0.453) was observed.Conclusions: The results of the study implicate the role of inflammatory component in causing atherosclerosis or coronary artery disease rather than dyslipidaemias alone to be attributed for atherogenesis. Concomitantly HDL cholesterol levels were found to be low in cases that results from the inflammatory component in atherogenesis.
ABSTRACT
Aims: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is multifactorial disease resulting from modifiable and non modifiable risk factors. Gene polymorphism is one of the non modifiable risk factors, which may contribute to disease susceptibility. Identifying genetic polymorphisms is essential for better understanding of pathophysiology and treatment strategies for a particular disease. The objective of our study was to evaluate the association of vitamin D receptor (VDR) fok I polymorphism with CAD. . Place and Duration of the Study: The study samples were collected at Narayana Medical College Hospital, Nellore and genetic analysis done at Sri Ramachandra University, Chennai, India, from Nov 2013 to June 2014. Materials and Methodology: The study included 40 angiographically proven CAD subjects as cases and 40 normal healthy controls .VDR fok I polymorphism was analysed by PCR-RFLP method. Chi Square and odds ratio was used to find the association. Results: F allele frequency is 66.25% in CAD vs 52.5% in controls. There is no significant association of FF (p= 0.099), Ff (p= 0.851), ff (p= 0.138) with CAD. Conclusion: There is no significant association of VDR fok I polymorphism with CAD in south Indian population. According to our study F allele frequency is more in CAD than in controls.
ABSTRACT
Thyroid hormones influences the metabolism of all the substrates including minerals. A patient with thyroid dysfunction may also manifests the symptoms that are consequents upon the altered minerals levels. The study shows that, low levels of Ca+ in hypothyroid cases, increased bone turnover in hyper thyroidism increases the Ca++ level decreased bone turnover. In hypothyroidism low tubular re absorption of Po4 - by affecting GFR, high clearance of Po4 -. In hyperthyroidism increased tubular re absorption of Po4 - affecting GFR, low clearance of Po4-. In hypothyroidism rapid blood flow will be leading to rapid clearance of Mg2+ & Zn+ from kidney. So over tubular excretion of Mg2+ & Zn+ will be low levels in plasma. In hyperthyroidism decreased blood flow will be leading to low clearance of Mg2+ & Zn+ from kidney. So low tubular excretion of Mg2+ & Zn+ will be high levels in plasma Materials & Methods The study was conducted over a period of six months. In this study 30 subjects hypo & 30 hyperthyroidism with euthyroidism were selected. Both males and females were included. Blood sample were collected for estimation of TSH, FT3,FT4, serum Ca, serum Po4 -, serum Mg2+ & serum Zn+. Results : In hypothyroid patients the serum levels of minerals Ca+, Zn+ , Mg2+ (p<0.001) were significantly decreased and PO4 (p<0.001) levels were significantly increased compared to controls. In hyperthyroid patients the serum levels of minerals Ca+, Zn+ , Mg2+ (p<0.001) were significantly increased and PO4 (p<0.001) levels were significantly decreased compared to controls. Conclusion : Mineral status is observed in all the patients Ca+ levels are low because high bone turnover prominent phosphorus levels positive influences on paratharmone and calcitonine, Zn+ & Mg2+ levels reflects the influences on GFR and decreased clearance of these minerals.
ABSTRACT
Background Diabetic nephropathy accounts for about 40% of ESRD. In early stages of diabetic nephropathy there are no clinical signs & symptoms of glomerular changes. The earliest indication of nephropathy is microalbuminuria1(American diabetes Association). Advanced Glycation Endproducts in diabetes favorers the Oxidative stress which is implicated in etiology of human diseases. The present study was undertaken to asses the role of oxidative stress in causing diabetic nephropathy2 (Josephine M Forbe etal). Materials & Methods 50 cases of diagnosed diabetic subjects were selected for the present study. Aged 30 – 60 years , both the males & females were included. Blood samples were collected in fluoride test tubes for estimation of FBS & PPBS. EDTA & heparin blood samples for glutathione & glutathione peroxidase respectively. A fasting urine sample was collected in a sterile container for microalbumin estimation. Results Significant increase in the levels of urine microalbumin (P<0.01) & Glutathione peroxidase (P<0.002) were observed in diabetics compare to healthy controls. Glutathione values were decreased (P<0.00). Conclusion Lowered glutathione values and elevated glutathione peroxidase values were consistently observed in all the cases indicating the association of oxidative stress in all diabetic patients. Microalbuminuria is observed in all the patients irrespective of the duration of the illness indicating sub clinical damage of microvasculature probably due to oxidative stress.